COPD is a group of progressive chronic lung diseases that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. The most common are emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Emphysema slowly destroys air sacs in your lungs, which interferes with outward air flow. Bronchitis causes inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes, which allows mucus to build up.
The major cause of COPD is smoking tobacco. Other reason that could cause COPD is long term exposure to chemical irritants. If COPD is left untreated it can lead to faster progression of the disease, worsening respiratory infections and even heart problems.
Combination of asthma and smoking increases the risk of COPD even more.
Signs and symptoms of COPD may include:
- Shortness of breath (especially during any physical activities)
- Wheezing
- Lack of energy
- Uncertain weight loss
- Chronic cough with or without mucus (sputum)
- Frequent cold, flu
COPD Diagnosis
COPD is often misdiagnosed and there is no single test to diagnose COPD. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and multiple test results. Your pulmonologist may discuss your medical history and check for any exposure you have had to your lungs. Your doctor also ask you several tests such
Pulmonary Function Test - noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working.
X-ray of chest – it helps to check for emphysema, one of the main cause of COPD.
CT scan
Arterial blood gas analysis - involves taking a blood sample from an artery to measure your blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other important levels.
COPD Treatment
Although COPD is a progressive disease that gets worse over time, COPD is treatable. With proper management, most people with COPD can achieve good symptom control and quality of life, as well as reduced risk of other associated conditions.
Medication – Your pulmonologist may prescribe medications that help relax the muscles of the airways, widening the airways so you can breathe easier. These medications are usually taken through an inhaler or nebulizer.
Oxygen therapy - If there isn't enough oxygen in your blood, you may need supplemental oxygen. You can take portable devices that deliver oxygen to your lungs.
Surgery – It is the last option and is reserved for severe COPD or where all other treatments failed. Lung transplant is also an option in some cases.
Lifestyle changes – Not just you need to quit smoking you should avoid exposure to secondhand smoke. Get the required nutrition your body needs (talk to your doctor for your diet plan).